To compare two ETFs side by side, put them in one table and check six things: expense ratio, 1-, 3-, 5- and 10-year returns, top holdings and overlap, risk (beta, standard deviation), dividend yield, and fund size. The free MarketXLS ETF compare tool does this for any two US-listed ETFs: go to marketxls.com/etfs/compare/TICKER1-vs-TICKER2 (for example SPY-vs-QQQ) and it shows those metrics in one view, with no sign-up.
This guide explains what each metric tells you, walks through a four-step comparison, and covers common matchups such as SPY vs QQQ, VOO vs VTI and SCHD vs VYM.
Why Comparing ETFs Matters More Than Ever
Comparing ETFs matters because many funds look alike on the surface but differ in cost, holdings and tracking. There are over 3,000 ETFs available to US investors, including more than 15 S&P 500 ETFs, dozens of dividend ETFs and hundreds of bond ETFs.
Small differences between similar ETFs compound into large differences over time:
- A 0.10% expense ratio difference on $100,000 costs you about $27,600 over 30 years (assuming 8% annual returns before fees)
- Tracking error means two ETFs following the same index can deliver different returns
- Tax efficiency varies based on how the fund handles distributions
- Liquidity affects your ability to buy/sell at fair prices
Comparing ETFs head-to-head on these metrics is how you see which differences apply to your situation.
What to Compare When Evaluating ETFs
Expense Ratio
The expense ratio is the annual fee a fund charges, expressed as a percentage of assets. For index funds tracking the same benchmark, the lower fee usually wins.
| ETF | Expense Ratio | Index |
|---|---|---|
| VOO | 0.03% | S&P 500 |
| SPY | 0.09% | S&P 500 |
| IVV | 0.03% | S&P 500 |
VOO and IVV track the same index as SPY for one-third the cost. On a $500,000 portfolio growing at 8% a year before fees, that 0.06% difference adds up to roughly $94,000 over 30 years.
Historical Returns
Past performance doesn't guarantee future results, but it reveals tracking accuracy and whether a fund delivers what it promises.
When you compare ETFs on MarketXLS, you'll see 1-year, 3-year, 5-year, and 10-year annualized returns side-by-side. This makes it easy to spot funds that lag their benchmark.
Holdings and Concentration
Two ETFs in the same category can have very different holdings. For example:
- SCHD (Schwab US Dividend Equity): ~100 holdings, focuses on dividend quality
- VYM (Vanguard High Dividend Yield): several hundred holdings, broader dividend approach
More holdings generally means more diversification, but also more exposure to mediocre companies. Fewer holdings means more concentration, which can raise both potential returns and volatility.
To see exactly how much holdings overlap exists between two ETFs, use the ETF overlap calculator.
Volatility and Risk Metrics
Standard deviation, beta, max drawdown, and Sharpe ratio tell you how much risk you're taking for the returns you're getting.
A fund with slightly lower returns but significantly lower volatility might be the better choice, especially if you're nearing retirement or can't stomach big drawdowns.
Dividend Yield and Distribution
If you need income, compare:
- Current yield: What percentage the fund pays annually
- Distribution frequency: Monthly, quarterly, or annually
- Dividend growth: Is the payout increasing over time?
Fund Size and Liquidity
Larger funds typically have tighter bid-ask spreads, meaning you pay less to trade. This matters more for frequent traders than buy-and-hold investors, but it's worth checking.
How to Compare ETFs: Step-by-Step
Step 1: Identify Your Candidates
Start with a question: What role should this ETF play in your portfolio?
- Core US equity: VOO, VTI, SPY, IVV, ITOT
- Growth tilt: QQQ, VUG, SCHG, IWF
- Dividend income: SCHD, VYM, DVY, HDV, DGRO
- International: VXUS, IXUS, VEA, VWO
- Bonds: BND, AGG, SCHZ, VGSH
Not sure where to start? The ETF screener lets you filter 5,700+ ETFs by category, expense ratio, performance, and 20+ other criteria to narrow your list.
Step 2: Run a Head-to-Head Comparison
Go to the ETF comparison tool and enter your two candidates. You'll get a complete side-by-side breakdown including:
- Expense ratios and fund size
- 1Y, 3Y, 5Y, and 10Y total returns
- Top 10 holdings with weights
- Risk metrics (beta, standard deviation)
- Dividend yield and distribution info
The URL format is simple: marketxls.com/etfs/compare/TICKER1-vs-TICKER2. Try VOO vs VTI or SCHD vs VYM.
Step 3: Check for Overlap
If you're adding an ETF to an existing portfolio, make sure it's not just duplicating what you already own. Run your new candidate against your current holdings in the ETF overlap calculator.
A fund can look different on paper and still hold most of the same stocks, which adds fees without adding diversification.
Step 4: Make Your Decision
Weight these factors based on your situation:
- Long-term buy-and-hold: Prioritize low expense ratio and broad diversification
- Income investor: Focus on yield, dividend growth, and payout consistency
- Active trader: Consider liquidity, bid-ask spreads, and options availability
- Tax-sensitive account: Look at tax efficiency and potential for tax-loss harvesting
Popular ETF Comparisons
These are common matchups for investors choosing between similar funds:
SPY vs QQQ
SPY gives you 500 large-cap US stocks across all sectors. QQQ concentrates on 100 Nasdaq-listed companies, heavily tilted toward tech. QQQ has higher returns in tech bull markets but drops harder in downturns. Compare SPY vs QQQ →
VOO vs VTI
VOO and VTI are both Vanguard funds with a 0.03% expense ratio. VOO is S&P 500 only (large-cap). VTI is total market (adds mid-cap and small-cap). VTI gives slightly more diversification. In practice, their returns are very similar because large-caps dominate the total market index. Compare VOO vs VTI →
SCHD vs VYM
SCHD and VYM are both large dividend ETFs. SCHD is more concentrated (~100 stocks) and screens for dividend quality (growth, payout ratio). VYM is broader (~450 stocks) and simply picks high-yielding stocks. Relative returns vary by period, so check the return rows in the comparison; SCHD carries more concentration risk. Compare SCHD vs VYM →
QQQ vs VGT
Both are tech-heavy, but QQQ tracks the Nasdaq 100 (which includes consumer discretionary names like Amazon and Tesla), while VGT is pure technology sector. Their holdings overlap heavily; check the exact overlap with the ETF overlap tool. Compare QQQ vs VGT →
BND vs AGG
BND and AGG are nearly identical in practice: both track broad US investment-grade bond indices and both charge a 0.03% expense ratio. Returns are almost indistinguishable. Pick whichever your brokerage offers commission-free. Compare BND vs AGG →
Comparing ETFs to Mutual Funds
Many investors hold mutual fund equivalents of popular ETFs — like VFIAX (Vanguard 500 Index Admiral Shares) instead of VOO. If you're deciding between the two, or looking to switch, you'll want to compare mutual funds with the same level of detail.
Use the mutual fund comparison tool to check overlap between mutual funds, or between a mutual fund and an ETF. The mutual fund screener can also help you find fund alternatives.
Finding the Best ETFs With a Screener
If you do not have two candidates yet, use the ETF screener to find them first.
Filter 5,700+ ETFs by:
- Category: Large-cap, small-cap, international, sector, bond, commodity
- Expense ratio: Set a maximum to filter out expensive funds
- Returns: Minimum 1Y, 3Y, or 5Y performance
- Dividend yield: Filter for income-generating funds
- Fund size (AUM): Stick to larger, more liquid funds
You can also check the Top ETFs by Buy Score for a curated list ranked by a composite quality metric.
Once you have your shortlist, use the ETF comparison tool to pick the winner.
Explore More FundXLS Tools
- ETF Overlap Calculator — Find hidden holdings duplication between any two ETFs
- Fund Overlap Tool — Check overlap across ETFs and mutual funds to eliminate redundancy
- Mutual Fund Comparison — Compare mutual funds side-by-side with the same depth
- Mutual Fund Screener — Filter 23,000+ mutual funds by performance, fees, and category
Start Comparing ETFs Now
Enter any two tickers to see expense ratios, returns, holdings, risk metrics and dividend yield side by side for US-listed ETFs.