R&D Expenses (Historical)
Returns historical Research and Development (R&D) expenses for a company. R&D expense reflects a company's investment in innovation, new products, and technology development.
What is R&D Expense?
R&D expenses include costs for:
- Product development
- Technology research
- Software development
- Scientific research
- Engineering activities
Parameters
| Parameter | Required | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Symbol | Yes | Stock ticker symbol |
| Year | Yes | Fiscal year (e.g., 2023) or period code (lq, ly) |
| Quarter | No | Quarter number 1-4 (default: 1) |
| TTM | No | Set to "TTM" for trailing twelve months |
Period Codes
| Code | Meaning |
|---|---|
| lq | Last quarter |
| lq-1 | Two quarters ago |
| ly | Last year |
| ly-1 | Two years ago |
Syntax
=hf_Research_and_Development_Expense(Symbol, Year, [Quarter], [TTM])Parameters
Stock ticker symbol
Fiscal year or period code
Calendar quarter (1-4)
Set to 'TTM' for trailing twelve months
Returns
R&D expense value
Examples
=hf_Research_and_Development_Expense("AAPL", "2023", "4")=hf_Research_and_Development_Expense("MSFT", "2023", "3")=hf_Research_and_Development_Expense("GOOGL", "lq")=hf_Research_and_Development_Expense("NVDA", "2023", "4", "TTM")=hf_Research_and_Development_Expense(A1, B1, C1)When to Use
- Analyzing innovation investment
- Comparing R&D intensity across companies
- Technology sector analysis
- Building valuation models for growth companies
- Evaluating competitive positioning
When NOT to Use
| Scenario | Use Instead |
|---|---|
| Need current R&D | RnDExpense() |
| Need R&D as % of revenue | hf_Research_and_Development_Expense_as_Percentage_of_Revenue() |
| Need SG&A expenses | hf_Selling_General_and_Administrative_Expense() |
| Need operating expenses | hf_Operating_Expenses() |
| Need capital expenditure | hf_Capital_Expenditures() |
Common Issues & FAQ
Why am I getting "NA"?
Check that:
- The symbol is valid and has fundamental data available
- The company reports R&D expenses separately (not all do)
- The year/quarter combination exists in the data
How do I calculate R&D as a percentage of revenue?
Divide R&D by revenue:
=hf_Research_and_Development_Expense("AAPL", "2023", "4") / hf_Revenue("AAPL", "2023", "4")
Why don't some companies show R&D?
Some companies include R&D in cost of revenue or don't break it out separately, especially non-tech companies.
Excel Templates Using R&D Expenses (Historical)
These ready-made MarketXLS templates call hf_Research_and_Development_Expense() in their worksheet formulas. Open one to see the function working inside a complete model.
Related Formulas
More MarketXLS Historical Fundamentals formulas you can use in the same worksheet:
- Raw Materials (Historical)
- Receivable Turnover (Historical)
- Receivables As A Percentage Of Revenue (Historical)
- Report Period (Historical)
- Repurchase Of Capital Stock (Historical)
- Research & Development Expense As Percentage Of Revenue (Historical)
- Restricted Cash (Historical)
- Retun On Invested Capital (ROIC - Historical)
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