Income Per Employee (Historical)
Returns the net income per employee, which measures how much profit each employee generates on average. This is a key workforce efficiency metric.
Understanding the Metric
Income per employee is calculated as:
Income per Employee = Net Income / Number of EmployeesThis metric shows:
- Workforce productivity
- Business model efficiency
- Labor intensity of the business
Higher values indicate more profit generated per worker.
Parameters
| Parameter | Description |
|---|---|
| Symbol | Stock ticker (e.g., AAPL, MSFT) |
| Year | Fiscal year or period code (lq, ly, lq-1, ly-1, lt, lt-1) |
| Quarter | Optional: 1, 2, 3, or 4 (default: 1) |
| TTM | Optional: "TTM" for trailing twelve months |
Industry Benchmarks
| Sector | Typical Range |
|---|---|
| Software | $200K - $500K+ |
| Finance | $100K - $300K |
| Retail | $5K - $20K |
| Manufacturing | $30K - $80K |
Syntax
=hf_Income_per_employee(Symbol, Year, [Quarter], [TTM])Parameters
Stock ticker symbol
Fiscal year (e.g., 2023) or period code (lq, lq-1, ly, ly-1, lt, lt-1)
Calendar quarter (1-4)
Set to 'TTM' for trailing twelve months
Returns
Net income per employee (in currency units)
Examples
=hf_Income_per_employee("AAPL", 2023, 4)=hf_Income_per_employee("MSFT", "ly")=hf_Income_per_employee("WMT", 2023, , "TTM")=hf_Income_per_employee(A1, B1, C1)=hf_Income_per_employee("GOOGL", "lq")When to Use
- Comparing workforce efficiency across companies
- Analyzing business model productivity
- Evaluating headcount investments
- Understanding labor leverage
- Benchmarking against peers
When NOT to Use
| Scenario | Use Instead |
|---|---|
| Need revenue per employee | Calculate: Revenue / Employees |
| Need normalized metric | hf_Normalized_income_per_employee() |
| Need employee count | Check employee count functions |
| Comparing across industries | Use caution - varies widely |
Common Issues & FAQ
Why is this so different across industries?
Business models vary dramatically. Software companies can generate millions per employee with minimal headcount, while retailers need many workers for each store.
What's a good income per employee?
Compare to sector peers, not across industries. Tech: $200K+ is good. Retail: $10K+ is decent. It depends entirely on the business model.
Why might this metric decline?
Rapid hiring (especially ahead of revenue), declining profitability, or business model changes. A temporary dip during expansion may be acceptable.
Related Formulas
More MarketXLS Historical Fundamentals formulas you can use in the same worksheet:
- Income Restructuring and M&A (Historical)
- Income Tax Expense (Historical)
- Increase Decrease In Inventories (Historical)
- Increase Decrease In Other Current Assets (Historical)
- Increase Decrease In Other Current Liabilities (Historical)
- Increase Decrease In Other Working Capital (Historical)
- Increase Decrease In Payables (Historical)
- Increase Decrease In Prepaid Expenses (Historical)
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