R&D Expenses (Historical)
Returns historical Research and Development (R&D) expenses for a company. R&D expense reflects a company's investment in innovation, new products, and technology development.
What is R&D Expense?
R&D expenses include costs for:
- Product development
- Technology research
- Software development
- Scientific research
- Engineering activities
Parameters
| Parameter | Required | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Symbol | Yes | Stock ticker symbol |
| Year | Yes | Fiscal year (e.g., 2023) or period code (lq, ly) |
| Quarter | No | Quarter number 1-4 (default: 1) |
| TTM | No | Set to "TTM" for trailing twelve months |
Period Codes
| Code | Meaning |
|---|---|
| lq | Last quarter |
| lq-1 | Two quarters ago |
| ly | Last year |
| ly-1 | Two years ago |
Examples
=hf_Research_and_Development_Expense("AAPL", "2023", "4")=hf_Research_and_Development_Expense("MSFT", "2023", "3")=hf_Research_and_Development_Expense("GOOGL", "lq")=hf_Research_and_Development_Expense("NVDA", "2023", "4", "TTM")=hf_Research_and_Development_Expense(A1, B1, C1)When to Use
- Analyzing innovation investment
- Comparing R&D intensity across companies
- Technology sector analysis
- Building valuation models for growth companies
- Evaluating competitive positioning
When NOT to Use
Common Issues & FAQ
Q: Why am I getting "NA"? A: Check that:
- The symbol is valid and has fundamental data available
- The company reports R&D expenses separately (not all do)
- The year/quarter combination exists in the data
Q: How do I calculate R&D as a percentage of revenue?
A: Divide R&D by revenue:
=hf_Research_and_Development_Expense("AAPL", "2023", "4") / hf_Revenue("AAPL", "2023", "4")
Q: Why don't some companies show R&D? A: Some companies include R&D in cost of revenue or don't break it out separately, especially non-tech companies.
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